1. LED interfacing: This Interfacing  is to understand the OUTPUT operation of GPIO.Four LEDs available on the board with the line driving Transistor BC547.We can use any 4 GPIO of Arduino Nano to drive these LEDs. We can generate various pattern on led using Arduino programming, like

• LED Blinking Pattern
• LED Running Pattern
• LED even odd change pattern
• LED LSB-MSB interchange

 2. Switch interfacing: This interfacing is to understand the INPUT operation of GPIO. Four PUSH to ON Switch available on the board. We can connect theses switchs with any GPIO of Arduino Nano. We can develop various applications with switches using Arduino programming Like:

• Device ON/OFF control (in beginning we can use LED as device)
• Controlling Various LED pattern using single Switch
• Password Based Applications (with LCD)
• Button press Counter (With LCD)